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  TABLE OF CONTENTS  
  VOLUME I  
     
    Cover, Spine, Letters, Acknowledgements, Executive Summary and Page Title
Section     Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
  Background 1-1
    DMA 2000 Origins -The Robert T  Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 1-1
    Organizations Involved in the Mitigation Planning Effort 1-2
    Multiple Agency Support for Hazard Mitigation 1-2
  Implementation of the Planning Process 1-4
    Benefits of Mitigation Planning 1-4
    Organization of this Mitigation Plan 1-5
       
2 PLAN ADOPTION 2-1
  Overview 2-1
    Plan Adoption by Local Governing Bodies 2-1
       
3 PLANNING PROCESS 3-1
  Introduction 3-1
  Planning Committee and Other Stakeholder Support 3-2
    2008 Plan Update 3-2
    Planning Committee Involvement and Efforts 3-2
    Participation Matrix 3-15
    Stakeholders Involved in Mitigation Planning 3-27
  Coordination with Existing Planning Efforts and Programs 3-30
    Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-30
    National Flood Insurance Program 3-31
    Community Rating System (CRS) 3-32
  Integration of Existing Data and Plans Into Mitigation Plan 3-32
    Local Data

3-32
    Federal and State Data 3-33
  Continued Public Involvement 3-33
       
4 COUNTY PROFILE 4-1
  General Information 4-1
    Physical Setting 4-1
    Government 4-8
  Population and Demographics 4-12
    Seasonal Population 4-38
  General Building Stock 4-40
  Land Use and Population Trends 4-70
    Land Use Trends 4-70
    Population Trends 4-73
  Growth and Development 4-77
  Critical Facilities 4-81
    Essential Facilities 4-81
    Transportation Systems 4-122
    Lifeline Utility Systems 4-134
    High-Potential Loss Facilities 4-147
       
5 RISK ASSESSMENT 5-1
  5.1 Methodology and Tools 5.1-1
    Methodology

5.1-1
    Tools 5.1-1
  5.2 Identification of Natural Hazards of Concern 5.2-1
  5.3 Hazard Ranking 5.3-1
    Hazard Ranking Methodology 5.3-1
    Hazard Ranking Results 5.3-2
  5.4 Hazards Profiles and Vulnerability Assessment 5.4-1
    5.4.1 Nor’Easter 5.4.1-1
    5.4.2 Severe Winter Storm 5.4.2-1
    5.4.3 Severe Storm 5.4.3-1
    5.4.4 Hurricane 5.4.4-1
    5.4.5 Coastal Erosion 5.4.5-1
    5.4.6 Groundwater Contamination 5.4.6-1
    5.4.7 Infestation 5.4.7-1
    5.4.8 Shallow Groundwater Flooding 5.4.8-1
    5.4.9 Flood 5.4.9-1
    5.4.10 Earthquake 5.4.10-1
    5.4.11 Wildfire 5.4.11-1
    5.4.12 Drought 5.4.12-1
       
6 MITIGATION STRATEGIES 6-1
  Background and Past Accomplishments 6-1
  General Mitigation Planning Approach 6-2
    Mission Statement, Mitigation Goals and Objectives 6-3
    Capability Assessment 6-5
    Identification, Prioritization, Analysis and Implementation of Mitigation Actions 6.6
       
7 PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 7-1
  Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the Plan 7-1
    Monitoring 7-2
    Evaluating 7-2
    Updating 7-4
  Implementation of Mitigation Plan Through Existing Programs 7-5
  Continued Public Involvement 7-7
       
     
     
  TABLE OF CONTENTS  
  VOLUME II  
     
  Cover, Spine, and Page Title  
Section     Page
8 PLANNING PARTNERSHIP 8-1
  Background 8-1
  The Planning Partnership

8-1
       
9 JURISDICTIONAL ANNEXES 9.0-1
  9.1  Suffolk County 9.1-1
  9.2  Village of Amityville 9.2-1
  9.3  Village of Asharoken 9.3-1
  9.4  Town of Babylon 9.4-1
  9.5  Village of Babylon 9.5-1
  9.6  Village of Belle Terre 9.6-1
  9.7  Village of Bellport 9.7-1
  9.8  Town of Brookhaven 9.8-1
  9.9  Village of Dering Harbor 9.9-1
  9.10  Town of East Hampton 9.10-1
  9.11  Village of East Hampton 9.11-1
  9.12  Village of Greenport 9.12-1
  9.13  Village of Head of the Harbor 9.13-1
  9.14  Town of Huntington 9.14-1
  9.15  Village of Huntington Bay 9.15-1
  9.16  Village of Lake Grove 9.16-1
  9.17  Village of Lloyd Harbor 9.17-1
  9.18  Village of Nissequoque 9.18-1
  9.19  Village of Northport 9.19-1
  9.20  Village of Old Field 9.20-1
  9.21  Village of Poquott 9.21-1
  9.22  Village of Port Jefferson 9.22-1
  9.23  Town of Riverhead

9.23-1
  9.24  Village of Sag Harbor 9.24-1
  9.25  Town of Shelter Island 9.25-1
  9.26  Village of Shoreham 9.26-1
  9.27  Town of Smithtown 9.27-1
  9.28  Town of Southold 9.28-1
  9.29  Village of The Branch 9.29-1
       
  ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS A-1
       
  REFERENCES R-1
       
       
  APPENDICES  
       
  A Applicable Federal and State Regulations  
  B Resolution of Plan Adoption  
  C Summary of Results for Questionnaire  
  D Mitigation Catalog  
  E Federal Mitigation Programs, Activities, and Initiative  
  F Jurisdictional Annex Template and Instructions  
  G Glossary  
  H Letters of Intent and Resolution  
  I Public and Stakeholder Comments  
  J Linkage Procedures  

 

 


  TABLES  
Table   Page
1-1 FEMA Local Mitigation Plan Review Crosswalk 1-3
     
3-1  Planning Committee Members 3-3
3-2  Summary of Planning Committee Efforts 3-5
3-3 Participation Matrix 3-16
3-4  Locations of Draft and Final Plan for Public Review and Comment 3-29
3-5  Local NFIP Floodplain Administrators 3-31
     
4-1 Land Use Summary for Suffolk County 4-6
4-2 Historic Timeline of Suffolk County 4-11
4-3 Suffolk County Population Statistics (2000 U.S. Census) 4-12
4-4 Eastern Suffolk County Total Seasonal Population Data for 1990 and 2000 4-39
4-5 Eastern Suffolk County Total Seasonal Home Data for 1990 and 2000 4-39
4-6 Building Stock Count and Replacement Value by Occupancy Class 4-40
4-7 Comparison of Building Stock Counts by Occupancy Class between Suffolk County Treasurer’s Database and HAZUS-MH 4-42
4-8 Agricultural Land Use for 1940 to 2003 4-73
4-9 Suffolk County Population by Jurisdictions, 1990 to 2006 4-74
4-10 New Development Plans 4-77
4-11 Police Stations in Suffolk County 4-86
4-12 Fire and EMS Facilities in Suffolk County 4-88
4-13 Emergency Operation Centers in Suffolk County 4-96
4-14 Medical Facilities in Suffolk County 4-97
4-15 Shelters in Suffolk County 4-98
4-16 Educational Facilities in Suffolk County 4-104
4-17 Senior Living / Senior Care Facilities in Suffolk County 4-119
4-18 Suffolk County Maintained Roads 4-122
4-19 Bus Facilities in Suffolk County 4-127
4-20 Railroad Facilities in Suffolk County 4-128
4-21 Railroad Bridges in Suffolk County 4-129
4-22 Airports and Heliports in Suffolk County 4-131
4-23 Airport Runways in Suffolk County 4-132
4-24 Ferry Terminals in Suffolk County 4-133
4-25 Ports in Suffolk County 4-133
4-26 Anchorage and Dockage for Shelter Island 4-134
4-27 Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Suffolk County 4-135
4-28 Sewer Pump/Lift Stations in Suffolk County 4-140
4-29 Electric Power Plant Facilities in Suffolk County 4-144
4-30 Electric Substations in Suffolk County 4-145
4-31 Keyspan Gas Turbine Sites in Suffolk County 4-147
4-32 Dam Hazard Potential Classifications 4-148
4-33 Dams in Suffolk County 4-149
4-34 Military Facilities in Suffolk County 4-151
4-35 Communications Facilities in Suffolk County 4-152
4-36 Municipal Halls, Department of Public Works and Highway Departments in Suffolk County 4-155
     
5.2-1 Identification of Hazards of Concern for Suffolk County 5.2-2
     
5.3-1 Probability of Occurrence Ranking Factors 5.3-1
5.3-2 Numerical Values and Definitions for Impacts on Population, Property and
Economy		 5.3-2
5.3-3 Probability of Occurrence Ranking for Hazards of Concern for Suffolk County 5.3-3
5.3-4 Impact Ranking for Hazards of Concern for Suffolk County

5.3-4
5.3-5 Total Risk Ranking Value for Hazards of Concern for Suffolk County 5.3-5
5.3-6 Hazard Ranking Results for Hazards of Concern for Suffolk County 5.3-5
     
5.4.1-1 The Dolan-Davis Nor’Easter Intensity Scale 5.4.1-2
5.4.1-2 Presidential Disaster Declarations for Nor’Easter Events in Suffolk County 5.4.1-3
5.4.1-3 Nor’Easter Events between 1897 and 2007 5.4.1-4
     
5.4.2-1 NESIS Ranking Categories 1 - 5 5.4.2-3
5.4.2-2

Snowstorm Cases That Affected the Northeastern U.S (1888 – 2007) (Arranged by Rank/Category)

 5.4.2-6
5.4.2-3 Presidential Disaster and Emergency Declarations for Severe Winter Storm Events for New York State and Suffolk County 5.4.2-8
5.4.2-4 Severe Winter Storm Events between 1779 and 2007 5.4.2-9
5.4.2-5 Inventory of General Building Stock Exposure for Suffolk County 5.4.2-31
5.4.2-6 Manufactured (Mobile) Homes Exposed in Suffolk County and Potential Severe Winter Storm Losses 5.4.2-31
     
5.4.3-1  Fujita Damage Scale 5.4.3-7
5.4.3-2   Enhanced Fujita Damage Scale 5.4.3-8
5.4.3-3   Enhanced F-Scale Damage Indicators 5.4.3-8
5.4.3-4  Severe Storm Events Between 1950 and 2007 5.4.3-10
     
5.4.4-1 The Saffir-Simpson Scale 5.4.4-3
5.4.4-2 Presidential Disaster Declarations for Hurricane/Tropical Storm Events in Suffolk County 5.4.4-25
5.4.4-3 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Events between 1635 and 2006 5.4.4-26
5.4.4-4 Return Period in years for Hurricanes 5.4.4-53
5.4.4-5 Approximate Population in the Hurricane Inundation Zones 5.4.4-57
5.4.4-6 Sheltering Needs for 100-year and 500-year MRP Hurricane Events for Suffolk County 5.4.4-58
5.4.4-7 Debris Production for 100- and 500-Year MRP Hurricane-Related Winds 5.4.4-60
5.4.4-8 Description of Damage Categories 5.4.4-61
5.4.4-9 Expected Building Damage by Occupancy Class for 100- and 500-Year Hurricane Events for Suffolk County 5.4.4-62
5.4.4-10 Estimated Building Value (Structure and Content) Damaged by the 100-Year and 500-Year MRP Hurricane-Related Winds for All Occupancy Classes 5.4.4-64
5.4.4-11 Estimated Building Value (Structure and Contents) Damaged by the 100-Year and 500-Year MRP Hurricane-Related Winds and Storm Surge for Total Damage (All Occupancy Classes) and Residential and Commercial Occupancy Classes 5.4.4-74
5.4.4-12 Estimated Impacts to Critical Facilities by the 100-Year MRP Hurricane Event 5.4.4-79
5.4.4-13 Estimated Impacts to Critical Facilities by the 500-Year MRP Hurricane Event 5.4.4-122
5.4.5-1  Historical Storms Resulting in Coastal Erosion on Suffolk County Shorelines 5.4..5-35
5.4.5-2  Coastal Vulnerability Index 5.4.5-57
5.4.5-3  Estimated Number of Parcels in the CEHA Jurisdiction 5.4.5-59
5.4.5-4 Beaches, Parks and Residential and Natural Communities Exposed to Coastal Erosion 5.4.5-60
     
5.4.6-1  Indoor Radon Estimates, Percent Homes Above 4 pCi/L (June 1999) 5.4.6-10
     
5.4.7-1  Host Species for ALB 5.4.7-3
5.4.7-2  Regulated Quarantine Areas within Nassau and Suffolk Counties 5.4.7-11
5.4.7-3  WNV Positive Results for New York (State/ Suffolk County) (2000 to 2007) 5.4.7-16
5.4.7-4  Number of Lyme Disease Cases by Town of Residence (Suffolk County 1999 - 2002) 5.4.7-17
5.4.7-5 New York ALB Detection and Tree Removal Summary 5.4.7-18
     
5.4.8-1 Short- and Long-Term Precipitation Trends at Selected Monitoring Stations 5.4.8-3
5.4.8-2 Population Exposed to Shallow Groundwater Flooding 5.4.8-12
5.4.8-3 Parcels and Structures Exposed to Shallow Groundwater Flooding 5.4.8-12
     
5.4.9-1 Presidential Disaster Declarations for Flood Events between 1954 and 2007 5.4.9-19
5.4.9-2 FEMA NFIP Loss Cases and Payment Data for Suffolk County (January 1978 – May 2008) 5.4.9-21
5.4.9-3 Flooding Events between 1815 and 2007 5.4.9-27
5.4.9-4 Estimated Population Exposed to the Flood Hazard 5.4.9-37
5.4.9-5 Estimated Number of Buildings Located in the 100- and 500-year Floodplains 5.4.9-40
5.4.9-6 Estimated General Building Stock Replacement Value (Structure and Contents) Located in the 100- and 500-Year Floodplains 5.4.9-42
5.4.9-7 Estimated General Building Stock Replacement Value (Structure and Contents) Damaged by the 100-Year and 500-Year MRP Flood Events 5.4.9-44
5.4.9-8 NFIP Policies, Claims and Repetitive Loss Statistics 5.4.9-53
5.4.9-9 Estimated Critical Facility Damage Due to a 100-year MRP Riverine Flood Event 5.4.9-56
5.4.9-10 Estimated Critical Facility Damage Due to a 100-year MRP Coastal Flood Event 5.4.9-61
5.4.9-11 Estimated Critical Facility Damage Due to a 500-year MRP Riverine Flood Event 5.4.9-70
5.4.9-12 Estimated Critical Facility Damage Due to a 500-year MRP Coastal Flood Event 5.4.9-78
5.4.9-13 Number of Highway and Railroad Bridges Located in the 100- and 500-year Floodplains 5.4.9-88
     
5.4.10-1 Richter Scale 5.4.10-4
5.4.10-2 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale 5.4.10-4
5.4.10-3 Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) and PGA Equivalents 5.4.10-5
5.4.10-4 NEHRP Soil Classifications 5.4.10-7
5.4.10-5 The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University – Largest Earthquakes in the New York City Area (1627 – 2001) 5.4.10-16
5.4.10-6 Earthquake History in New York State, 1737-2008 5.4.10-19
5.4.10-7 Estimated Sheltering Needs for the 100-, 500- and 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Events for Suffolk County 5.4.10-30
5.4.10-8 Estimated Number of Injuries and Casualties from the 2,500-Year MRP Earthquake Event 5.4.10-31
5.4.10-9 Example of Structural Damage State Definitions for a Light Wood-Framed Building 5.4.10-32
5.4.10-10 Estimated Number of Buildings Damaged by General Occupancy for 100-year, 500-year and 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Events 5.4.10-33
5.4.10-11 Estimated Number of Buildings Damaged by Building Type for 100-year, 500-year and 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Events 5.4.10-33
5.4.10-12 Estimated Building Value (Building and Contents) Damaged by Jurisdiction for the 500- and 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Events 5.4.10-34
5.4.10-13

Estimated Damage and Loss of Functionality for Critical Facilities in Suffolk County for the 500-year MRP Earthquake Event

 5.4.10-38
5.4.10-14 Estimated Damage and Loss of Functionality for Critical Facilities in Suffolk County for the 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Event 5.4.10-84
5.4.10-15 Estimated Utility Impacts in Suffolk County from the 500-year MRP Earthquake Event 5.4.10-131
5.4.10-16 Estimated Utility Impacts in Suffolk County from the 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Event 5.4.10-148
5.4.10-17 Estimated Impacts to Transportation Features in Suffolk County from the 500-year MRP Earthquake Event 5.4.10-166
5.4.10-18 Estimated Impacts to Transportation Features in Suffolk County from the 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Event 5.4.10-170
5.4.10-19 Estimated Debris Generated by the 500- and 2,500-year MRP Earthquake Events 5.4.10-174
     
5.4.11-1 Wildland Fire Assessment System Fire Danger Rating and Color Code System 5.4.11-10
5.4.11-2 Summary of Significant Wildfire Events Reported for Suffolk County, 1839 to 2007 5.4.11-16
5.4.11-3 Central Pine Barrens Core Preservation Area – Estimated Parcel Status by Ownership and Land Use in Acres, 2004 5.4.11-20
     
5.4.12-1 Economical, Environmental and Social Impacts of Drought 5.4.12-2
5.4.12-2 PSDI Classifications 5.4.12-5
5.4.12-3 NDMC Drought Severity Classification Table 5.4.12-7
5.4.12-4 Drought Events between 1895 and 2006 5.4.12-8
5.4.12-5 Drought Events or Periods between 1910 and 2005 5.4.12-8
5.4.12-6 Agricultural Land in Suffolk County in 2002 5.4.12-16
5.4.12-7 Nursery and Greenhouse Stock for Suffolk County in 2002 5.4.12-17
     
6-1 Suffolk County Hazard Mitigation Plan Objectives 6-4
6-2 Cost and Benefit Definitions 6-9
     
7-1 Mitigation Planning Committee (ongoing) 7-1
7-2 Existing Processes and Programs for Mitigation Plan Implementation 7-5
7-3 Locations of Final Plan for Public Review and Comment 7-7
     
8-1 Participating Jurisdictions in Suffolk County 8-1
     
  FIGURES  
Figure   Page
1-1 Suffolk County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Planning Process 1-6
     
4-1 Suffolk County, New York 4-2
4-2 Long Island’s Exposure to the Atlantic Ocean 4-2
4-3 Land Use Percentage in Suffolk County for 1999 4-5
4-4 Distribution of General Population in the Town of Babylon by Census Block 4-14
4-5 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Babylon by Census Block 4-15
4-6 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Babylon by Census Block 4-16
4-7 Distribution of General Population in the Town of Brookhaven by Census Block 4-17
4-8 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Brookhaven by Census Block 4-18
4-9 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Brookhaven by Census Block 4-19
4-10 Distribution of General Population in the Town of East Hampton by Census Block 4-20
4-11 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of East Hampton by Census Block 4-21
4-12 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of East Hampton by Census Block 4-22
4-13 Distribution of General Population in the Town of Huntington by Census Block 4-23
4-14 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Huntington by Census Block 4-24
4-15 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Huntington by Census Block 4-25
4-16 Distribution of General Population for Riverhead by Census Block 4-26
4-17 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Riverhead by Census Block 4-27
4-18 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Riverhead by Census Block 4-28
4-19 Distribution of General Population for Shelter Island by Census Block 4-29
4-20 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Shelter Island by Census Block 4-30
4-21 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Shelter Island by Census Block 4-31
4-22 Distribution of General Population for Smithtown by Census Block 4-32
4-23 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Smithtown by Census Block 4-33
4-24 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Smithtown by Census Block 4-34
4-25 Distribution of General Population for the Town of Southold by Census Block 4-35
4-26 Distribution of Persons over the Age of 65 in the Town of Southold by Census Block 4-36
4-27 Distribution of Low-Income Population in the Town of Southold by Census Block 4-37
4-28 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Babylon 4-46
4-29 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Babylon 4-46
4-30 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Babylon 4-47
4-31 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Brookhaven 4-48
4-32 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Brookhaven 4-49
4-33 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Brookhaven 4-50
4-34 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of East Hampton  4-51
4-35 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of East Hampton 4-52
4-36 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of East Hampton 4-53
4-37 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Huntington 4-54
4-38 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Huntington 4-55
4-39 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Huntington 4-56
4-40 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Riverhead 4-57
4-41 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Riverhead 4-58
4-42 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Riverhead 4-59
4-43 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Shelter Island 4-60
4-44 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Shelter Island 4-61
4-45 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Shelter Island 4-62
4-46 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Smithtown 4-63
4-47 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Smithtown 4-64
4-48 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Smithtown 4-65
4-49 Distribution of Residential Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Southold 4-66
4-50 Distribution of Commercial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Southold 4-67
4-51 Distribution of Industrial Building Stock and Exposure Density in the Town of Southold 4-68
4-52 Distribution of Mobile Homes in Suffolk County 4-69
4-53 Farmland and Open Space in Suffolk County 4-71
4-54 Leading Agricultural Products in Suffolk County for 2002

4-72
4-55 Land in Farms, 1959 to 2003 4-73
4-56 Suffolk County Population by Jurisdictions, 1990 to 2006 4-75
4-57 Suffolk County Police Department Precincts and Police Sectors 4-82
4-58 Fire Districts in Suffolk County 4-83
4-59 EMS Regions in Suffolk County 4-85
4-60 Transportation Map of Suffolk County 4-124
4-61 Town of Babylon Evacuation Routes 4-126
4-62 Iroquois Gas Transmission Pipeline 4-143
     
5.1-1 500-Year MRP Flood Depth Grid Generated in HAZUS-MH MR3 5.1-5
5.1-2 HAZUS-MH MR3 Estimated 100-Year Wind Speeds for the Atlantic Coast 5.1-6
5.1-3 HAZUS-MH MR2 Estimated 100-Year Wind Speeds for the Atlantic Coast 5.1-7
     
5.4.1-1 March 8, 1962 Aerial Photos of Suffolk County South Shore 5.4.1-8
5.4.1-2  October 30-31, 1991 “Perfect Storm” 5.4.1-9
5.4.1-3 Three Newsday Articles – Long Island, New York 5.4.1-10
5.4.1-4  Westhampton – Washed out Dune Road 5.4.1-11
5.4.1-5  Fire Island – Destroyed Home along the Coast 5.4.1-11
5.4.1-6  Fire Island – Power Outages throughout Long Island 5.4.1-11
5.4.1-7 Amityville – Flooding Streets 5.4.1-15
5.4.1-8 Saltaire – Fire Island 5.4.1-15
5.4.1-9 Impacts from The Storm: Day 2 5.4.1-16
5.4.1-10 Great South Bay (Oak Island) 5.4.1-16
5.4.1-11 “Storm of the Century” – March 12-15, 1993 5.4.1-17
5.4.1-12 Rainfall Totals – April 14-16, 2007 5.4.1-19
5.4.1-13 Huntington, New York 5.4.1-19
5.4.1-14 Lindenhurst, NY 5.4.1-19
5.4.1-15 DR 1692 – April 2007 Nor’Easter 5.4.1-21
     
5.4.2-1 Annual Mean Snowfall within the Eastern U.S. and New York State 5.4.2-3
5.4.2-2 Harbor Hill and Ronkonkoma Terminal Moraine 5.4.2-5
5.4.2-3 Blizzard of ’88 - NESIS Category 4 Ranking 5.4.2-13
5.4.2-4 Blizzard of ’88 – Village of Hempstead (Nassau County) in Long Island, New York 5.4.2-13
5.4.2-5 February 1961 Snowfall Totals 5.4.2-14
5.4.2-6 Blizzard of ‘78 – Abandoned Vehicles along Sunrise Highway 5.4.2-15
5.4.2-7 Blizzard of ‘78 in Patchogue, New York 5.4.2-16
5.4.2-8 February 1983 - NESIS Category 3 Ranking

5.4.2-16
5.4.2-9 “Storm of the Century” – March 12-15, 1993 5.4.2-17
5.4.2-10 “Storm of the Century” NESIS Category 5 Storm 5.4.2-17
5.4.2-11 “Blizzard of “96” NESIS Category 5 Storm 5.4.2-19
5.4.2-12 “Blizzard of ‘96” – Smithtown, New York 5.4.2-19
5.4.2-13 Blizzard of ’96 Newsday Article 5.4.2-20
5.4.2-14 Blizzard of ’96 Snowfall Totals 5.4.2-20
5.4.2-15 Blizzard February 17-18, 2003 (FEMA EM 3184) “President's Day Storm” 5.4.2-22
5.4.2-16 Blizzard February 17-18, 2003 NESIS Category 4 Storm 5.4.2-22
5.4.2-17 January 27-28, 2004 Snowstorm (Near Smithtown area) 5.4.2-23
5.4.2-18 Sea Ice on Long Island Sound on February 1, 2004 (Smithtown Bay area around Short Beach) 5.4.2-24
5.4.2-19 January 22-23, 2005 Snow Accumulations throughout Long Island, New York 5.4.2-25
5.4.2-20 February 12-13, 2006 Snowstorm – Babylon, New York 5.4.2-26
5.4.2-21 February 12-13, 2006 NESIS Category 3 Storm 5.4.2-26
5.4.2-22 Regional Snowfall Totals for the Winter of 2003-2004 5.4.2-27
5.4.2-23 Regional Snowfall Totals for the Winter of 2004-2005 5.4.2-28
5.4.2-24 Regional Snowfall Totals for the Winter of 2005-2006 5.4.2-28
5.4.2-25 Regional Snowfall Totals for the Winter of 2006-2007 5.4.2-29
     
5.4.3-1  Annual Frequency of Hailstorms in the U.S. 5.4.3-3
5.4.3-2  Average Number of Thunderstorms between 1948 and 1977 in the U.S 5.4.3-4
5.4.3-3  Annual Days Suitable for Thunderstorms/Damaging Winds 5.4.3-5
5.4.3-4 Tornado Activity in the U.S. 5.4.3-6
5.4.3-5 Wind Zones in the U.S. 5.4.3-10
5.4.3-6 October 28, 2006 Windstorm in Babylon, New York 5.4.3-17
     
5.4.4-1 Historical Hurricane Tracks (1851-2002) 5.4.4-3
5.4.4-2 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for Suffolk County 5.4.4-5
5.4.4-3 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for Suffolk County 5.4.4-6
5.4.4-4 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) Town of Babylon 5.4.4-7
5.4.4-5 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Babylon 5.4.4-8
5.4.4-6 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Brookhaven 5.4.4-9
5.4.4-7 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Brookhaven 5.4.4-10
5.4.4-8 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of East Hampton 5.4.4-11
5.4.4-9 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of East Hampton 5.4.4-12
5.4.4-10 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Huntington 5.4.4-13
5.4.4-11 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Huntington 5.4.4-14
5.4.4-12 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Riverhead 5.4.4-15
5.4.4-13 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Riverhead 5.4.4-16
5.4.4-14 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Shelter Island 5.4.4-17
5.4.4-15 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Shelter Island 5.4.4-18
5.4.4-16 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Smithtown 5.4.4-19
5.4.4-17 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Smithtown 5.4.4-20
5.4.4-18

Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 100-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Southold

 5.4.4-21
5.4.4-19 Peak Gust Wind Speeds for 500-year Hurricane Event (Wind) for the Town of Southold

5.4.4-22
5.4.4-20 Potential Inundation Areas along Long Island as a result of the Storm Surge of a Hurricane 5.4.4-24
5.4.4-21 The Great September Gale of 1815

5.4.4-30
5.4.4-22 The Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane of 1821 5.4.4-31
5.4.4-23 The Early June Hurricane of 1825 5.4.4-32
5.4.4-24 June 30, 1938 Pre-Shinnecock Inlet 5.4.4-33
5.4.4-25 September 24,, 1938 Post- Shinnecock Inlet 5.4.4-33
5.4.4-26 Long Island Express Hurricane Track in Northeastern U.S. – Maximum Wind Map 5.4.4-35
5.4.4-27 Storm Stricken Regions by Long Island Express 5.4.4-36
5.4.4-28 Westhampton Ruined by Storm 5.4.4-36
5.4.4-29 Westhampton – Collapsed Bridge 5.4.4-37
5.4.4-30 Westhampton after the Storm 5.4.4-37
5.4.4-31 Houses Swept Away in Westhampton 5.4.4-37
5.4.4-32 Knocked Down Elms in East Hampton 5.4.4-37
5.4.4-33 Destruction in Saltaire 5.4.4-37
5.4.4-34 Houses Destroyed in Bridgehampton 5.4.4-38
5.4.4-35 Greenport Fish Market (Town of Southold) 5.4.4-38
5.4.4-36 Gilgo Beach (Town of Babylon) 5.4.4-38
5.4.4-37 Hurricane Carol Track in Northeastern U.S. – Maximum Wind Map 5.4.4-40
5.4.4-38 Hurricane Carol Track in Northeastern U.S. – Maximum Wind Map 5.4.4-41
5.4.4-39 Hurricane Donna – Damage and Flooding in Oak Beach 5.4.4-42
5.4.4-40 Houses submerged in Merrick Bay, Nassau County 5.4.4-42
5.4.4-41 Hurricane Belle Structural Damages 5.4.4-43
5.4.4-42 Hurricane Gloria Flooding in Shinnecock Hills 5.4.4-45
5.4.4-43 Hurricane Gloria – Damage to a Residence in Westhampton 5.4.4-45
5.4.4-44 Hurricane Gloria – Fire Island 5.4.4-46
5.4.4-45 Hurricane Gloria – Long Island MacArthur Airport (Islip) 5.4.4-46
5.4.4-46 Hurricane Bob – “Governor to ask U.S. aid for Bob’s Fury” Newspaper Article 5.4.4-48
5.4.4-47 Hurricane Bob – Ocean Beach, Fire Island 5.4.4-48
5.4.4-48 Hurricane Bob – Shelter Island, Dering Harbor 5.4.4-49
5.4.4-49 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Floyd Storm Track 5.4.4-50
5.4.4-50 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Floyd Total Precipitation 5.4.4-51
5.4.4-51 Return Period for Category 3 Hurricanes 5.4.4-52
5.4.4-52 Return Period for Category 4 Hurricanes 5.4.4-53
5.4.4-53 Number of Hurricanes for a 100-year Return Period 5.4.4-54
5.4.4-54 Density of Losses for Residential Structures (Structure and Content) for the County 100-Year MRP Hurricane (Wind-Only) Event

5.4.4-69
5.4.4-55 Density of Losses for Commercial Structures (Structure and Content) for the County 100-Year MRP Hurricane (Wind-Only) Event 5.4.4-70
5.4.4-56 Density of Losses for Residential Structures (Structure and Content) for the 500-Year MRP Hurricane (Wind-Only) Event 5.4.4-71
5.4.4-57 Density of Losses for Commercial Structures (Structure and Content) for the 500-Year MRP Hurricane (Wind-Only) Event 5.4.4-72
     
5.4.5-1  April 1988 Aerial Photograph of Shinnecock Inlet – Example of Sand Transport 5.4.5-6
5.4.5-2 Current Aerial View of Southampton 5.4.5-7
5.4.5-3 Aerial View of Southampton - 1 Meter Sea Rise 5.4.5-8
5.4.5-4  Town of Islip Future Shoreline Changes 5.4.5-8
5.4.5-5  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line for Suffolk County

5.4.5-12
5.4.5-6  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of Babylon 5.4.5-13
5.4.5-7  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line along the North Shore in the Town of Brookhaven 5.4.5-14
5.4.5-8  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line along the South Shore in the Town of Brookhaven 5.4.5-15
5.4.5-9  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of East Hampton 5.4.5-16
5.4.5-10  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of Huntington 5.4.5-17
5.4.5-11  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of Riverhead 5.4.5-18
5.4.5-12  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of Shelter Island 5.4.5-19
5.4.5-13 NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of Smithtown 5.4.5-20
5.4.5-14  NYSDEC Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Line in the Town of Southold 5.4.5-21
5.4.5-15  New York State Ortho-photography Spring 2004 and Ocean Parkway along Jones Island in the Town of Babylon

5.4.5-23
5.4.5-16  Aerial Photograph of Fire Island Inlet 5.4.5-25
5.4.5-17 Fire Island Nourishment Locations 5.4.5-27
5.4.5-18 Areas of shoreline advance and recession overlaid on year 2000 aerial photography near Mattituck Inlet 5.4.5-29
5.4.5-19  Village of Asharoken – Power Plant Discharge 5.4.5-32
5.4.5-20  High Hazard Coastal Erosion Areas on Shelter Island 5.4.5-34
5.4.5-21  June 30, 1938 Pre- Shinnecock Inlet 5.4.5-40
5.4.5-22  September 24, 1938 Post- Shinnecock Inlet 5.4.5-41
5.4.5-23  Overwash on Fire Island 5.4.5-43
5.4.5-24  “One of the Top Erosion Events” – October 30-31, 1991 Nor’Easter 5.4.5-45
5.4.5-25  Changed Landscape – Dune Road (Westhampton) 5.4.5-45
5.4.5-26  Erosion on Saltaire (Fire Island) from 1992 Nor’Easter 5.4.5-48
5.4.5-27  Erosion on Smith Point County Beach (Shirley) 5.4.5-51
5.4.5-28 Erosion on Smith Point County Beach 5.4.5-51
5.4.5-29  Erosion on Smith Point County Beach 5.4.5-52
5.4.5-30  Erosion on Captree State Park 5.4.5-52
5.4.5-31 Erosion in Davis Park 5.4.5-53
5.4.5-32 FEMA-1692-DR – April 2007 Nor’Easter 5.4.5-53
5.4.5-33 Erosion / Accretion Rates for New York to New Jersey Region 5.4.5-56
5.4.5-34 CVI Risk Ranking for New York to New Jersey Region 5.4.5-58
     
5.4.6-1  Features that Affect Coastal Aquifers 5.4.6-4
5.4.6-2 Schematic Representation of Saltwater Intrusion 5.4.6-5
5.4.6-3  Salt Water Intrusion Process 5.4.6-6
5.4.6-4  Average Radon Levels of 429 Community Water Systems (1989-1990) 5.4.6-9
5.4.6-5  New York State Radon Levels 5.4.6-10
5.4.6-6  Concentrations of Arsenic 1973 to 1997 5.4.6-12
5.4.6-7  Concentrations of Arsenic 1973 to 2001 5.4.6-12
5.4.6-8  Locations of Wells for Which 1997-2002 Arsenic-Concentration Data are Presented 5.4.6-13
5.4.6-9  Selected Areas Along the Atlantic Coast Where Saltwater has Intruded into Freshwater Aquifers 5.4.6-14
     
5.4.7-1 WNV Activity From 1999 to 2002 in Eastern U.S. 5.4.7-5
5.4.7-2 Suffolk County WNV Positive Cases By Town (April 2000 to December 2000)

5.4.7-6
5.4.7-3  Suffolk County WNV Positive Cases By Town (June 2001 to December 2001) 5.4.7-6
5.4.7-4  Lyme Disease Risk – U.S. 5.4.7-8
5.4.7-5 Lyme Disease Risk – New York State 5.4.7-8
5.4.7-6  Detection of Exotic and ALB in the U.S. 5.4.7-9
5.4.7-7  2003 Quarantine Boundaries – New York State 5.4.7-10
5.4.7-8  Town of Islip Quarantine Area 5.4.7-11
5.4.7-9  Village of Amityville Quarantine Area 5.4.7-12
5.4.7-10  Town of Babylon Quarantine Areas 5.4.7-13
5.4.7-11  Cumulative Mosquito Infections by County - New York, 2005 5.4.7-15
5.4.7-12  Cumulative Dead Bird Infections by County - New York, 2005 5.4.7-15
5.4.7-13 Reported Cases of Lyme Disease in U.S. (2005) 5.4.7-17
5.4.8-1 Locations of Selected Precipitation and Groundwater Monitoring Stations on Long Island

5.4.8-3
5.4.8-2 50-Year Average Precipitation on Long Island 5.4.8-4
5.4.8-3 Monthly Water Levels (1951 - 200) at S1810 and S1812 5.4.8-4
5.4.8-4 Shallow Groundwater Problem Areas in Smithtown Area 5.4.8-6
5.4.8-5 Shallow Groundwater Problem Areas in Shelter Island 5.4.8-8
5.4.9-1 Coastal Areas Along Long Island at Risk From Storm Surge 5.4.9-4
5.4.9-2 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within Suffolk County 5.4.9-6
5.4.9-3 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Babylon 5.4.9-7
5.4.9-4 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Brookhaven 5.4.9-8
5.4.9-5 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of East Hampton 5.4.9-9
5.4.9-6 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Huntington 5.4.9-10
5.4.9-7 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Riverhead 5.4.9-11
5.4.9-8 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Shelter Island 5.4.9-12
5.4.9-9 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Smithtown 5.4.9-13
5.4.9-10 100- and 500-Year Floodplains within the Town of Southold 5.4.9-14
5.4.9-11 Flood Zone Maps within Suffolk County – Southwestern Coastline (near Babylon) 5.4.9-15
5.4.9-12 Flood Zone Maps within Suffolk County - Southern Coastline (near Bellport in Brookhaven) 5.4.9-16
5.4.9-13 Flood Zone Maps within Suffolk County - Southern Coastline (near Moriches Inlet in Brookhaven) 5.4.9-16
5.4.9-14 Flood Zone Maps within Suffolk County - Southern Coastline (near Shelter Island) 5.4.9-17
5.4.9-15 Roadways Flooded by Tidal Waters in Shelter Island 5.4.9-19
5.4.9-16 Repetitive Loss Properties in Suffolk County (as of March 31, 2007) 5.4.9-24
5.4.9-17 Properties with NFIP Polices in Suffolk County (as of March 31, 2007) 5.4.9-25
5.4.9-18 Properties with Claims in Suffolk County (as of March 31, 2007) 5.4.9-26
5.4.9-19 Flooding Events between 1962 and 2007 5.4.9-34
5.4.9-20 October 7-12, 2005 Flooding Event 5.4.9-34
     
5.4.10-1 Earthquake Epicenters in the Northeast U.S., 1737-1986 5.4.10-3
5.4.10-2 Peak Acceleration (%g) with 10% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years (1996) 5.4.10-6
5.4.10-3 Peak Acceleration (%g) with 10% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years (2002) 5.4.10-6
5.4.10-4 Peak Acceleration (%g) with 10% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years (2008) 5.4.10-7
5.4.10-5 NEHRP Soils in New York 5.4.10-8
5.4.10-6 Spectral Acceleration with 2% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years (2002) for New York State 5.4.10-9
5.4.10-7 Spectral Acceleration with 2% Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years (2002) for Suffolk County 5.4.10-10
5.4.10-8 Peak Ground Acceleration for the 100-year MRP Event for Suffolk County 5.4.10-12
5.4.10-9 Peak Ground Acceleration for the 500-year MRP Event for Suffolk County 5.4.10-13
5.4.10-10 Peak Ground Acceleration for the 2,500-year MRP Event for Suffolk County 5.4.10-14
5.4.10-11 Significant Seismic Events in the Northeast U.S., 1730-1986 5.4.10-15
5.4.10-12 The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University – Largest Earthquakes in the New York City Area (1627 – 2001) 5.4.10-18
5.4.10-13 Cape Ann Earthquake Epicenter 5.4.10-24
5.4.10-14 Location of the August 10, 1884 Earthquake 5.4.10-25
5.4.10-15 Largest Earthquake in New York State - September 5, 1944 5.4.10-26
     
5.4.11-1 Central Pine Barrens Area Detail 5.4.11-4
5.4.11-2 Central Pine Barrens Fire District Boundaries 5.4.11-5
5.4.11-3 Central Pine Barrens Vegetative Communities 5.4.11-7
5.4.11-4 Central Pine Barrens Land Cover Types 5.4.11-8
5.4.11-5 Fire Dependent Conservation Areas on Long Island 5.4.11-9
5.4.11-6 Observed Experimental Fire Potential and 10-hour Fuel Moisture Fire Danger Maps for the United States 5.4.11-11
5.4.11-7 Area Relative Greenness and Observed Fire Danger Class Maps for the Northeastern United States 5.4.11-11
5.4.11-8 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture Map for the United States 5.4.11-12
5.4.11-9 Keetch-Byram Drought Index for the United States 5.4.11-13
5.4.11-10 Location of Significant Historic Wildfires in Suffolk County 5.4.11-15
     
5.4.12-1 NYSDEC Drought Management Regions of New York State 5.4.12-3
5.4.12-2 Maximum water table decline during the 1960’s Drought 5.4.12-10
5.4.12-3 Drought Severity - Index August 26, 1995 5.4.12-11
5.4.12-4 U.S. Drought Monitor - August 3, 1999 5.4.12-12
5.4.12-5 July 2001 – February 2002 Precipitation Deficit (in inches) 5.4.12-13
5.4.12-6 U.S. Drought Monitor – April 16, 2002

5.4.12-14
5.4.12-7 Palmer Drought Severity Index – August 2002 5.4.12-14

  

     

     


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